Business Proposal Essay

Funding Requirements14 Confidentiality Agreement The undersigned endorser acknowledges that the info provided in this commerce end is confidential therefore, the reader agrees not to split it without the express written permission of Mr. K Seeman Durai. It is acknowledged by the reader that culture to be furnished in this calling plan is in all prise confidential in nature, other than information that is in the public domain through with(predicate) other means, and that any disclosure or use of this confidential information by the reader may cause serious harm or damage to M/s. modernsky Fireworks trammel Upon request, this document is to be straightway returned to Mr K Seeman Durai. Signature Date 26. 05. 2013 1. executive director Summary Promoters indite 1. depictK Seeman Durai 2. Age45 years 3. Address none 4859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi 4. educational QualificationM. B. A. , M. I. B. 5. social classs of Experience20 years (M/s. Murugan Fireworks) pecuniary project ions atomic number 18 summarised and highlighted. (Rs. In Lakhs) Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales 50. 0 75. 00 90. 00 Exports 35. 00 40. 00 50. 00 Net Profit before value 15. 00 35. 00 50. 00 Investment 80. 00 90. 00 95. 00 2. Company Description Promoters and Shargonholders Name Age Designation Address no. of Sh argons K Seeman Durai 45 Promoter zero(prenominal) 859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi 10 hundred thousands Karthik 43 Chief administrator no. 728, West Car Street, Trichy 1 Lakh Officer Jeya Sivasakthi 45 Managing theater director no. 73, southern Masi Road, Coimbatore. 2 lakh Kandan P.Dhanalakshmi 35 immediatelyor No. 83, Sarojini Road, Salem. 3 lakh T. Abinaya 34 Director No. 34, Second Street, Theni 3 lakh S. Aishwarya 40 Member No. 4859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi 1 lakh S. Geetha 39 Member No. 73, South Masi Road, Coimbatore. 1 lakh consultants Name educational Role Address Contact No. Qualification CA G Rajesh M. Com. , F. C. A. s ource Auditor 8493 Sarojini Street, Chennai+919835748343 Mrs. D Sheela M. A. ,M. L. , Legal Advisor 857, Gandhi Road, Madurai +919447382342 Mr. K Gulandaivel B. E. , Technical Advisror76, Tagore Street, Vellore +919472834234 Products and Services unique Selling Points bats that burst with wordings regarding to the occasion. e. g. keen Diwali, Happy New Year, Happy get hitched with Life etc. ) Long terminal Aim of the Business To provide Eco-Friendly Crackers Objectives Particulars I II III IV V Sales 50. 00 75. 00 90. 00 95. 00 coulomb. 00 Exports 35. 00 40. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 Employment 2. 00 2. 15 2. 25 2. 50 2. 60 wad Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Investments and Professionals Opportunities Threats Everlasting Demand Competitions 3. merchandise Analysis Target foodstuff Market Segmentation Profile of Competitors Main Competitors would be Arasan Groups of Fireworks Industries Kaliswari Fireworks Sony Fireworks Competitive Advantage We have the sideline Competitive Advantages Unique features outlay New technologies or systems Better value to customers in terms of efficiency Greater compatibility with living systems Include any independent confirmation or case studies Benefits to Clients Our product provides to capability customers in terms of their own business goals. It enable them to plus gross revenue Increase efficiencies Save money Save metre Maximise resources Reduce errors Reduce downtime better Customer Service, reduce churn, increase devotion 4. merchandise/Sales schema merchandise Strategy The Southern Tamil Nadu goern is to be concentrated first and youngsters are to be focused Followed by youngsters, children, adults are to be concentrated Youngsters are the authority customers already targeted Test site in operation are give be conducted, and feedback will be analysed properly Agents and Representatives are anticipate for marketing Sales Strategy The major Sales Strategy is to cheat on directly and by means of distributors. Particulars Direct Sales Through Distributors Composition 25% 75% Cost Involved 10/unit 7/unit determine Penetration Penetration Pricing Competitors Price is higher than our cost There is a sufficient train of competition in the market Production costs and overheads are expected to be 60% of sales The buyer can control the price to a considerable level. Marketing and communications Strategy advertizing and Publicity will be the active source of Promotion.Advertising Through televisions and newspapers. It is targeted to audience all over the state at the initial level Publicity Banners have been planned to be placed at various heated up locations 5. investigate and Development Process pic Research and Development It has been planned to organize a R& adenosine monophosphateD subdivision that would be actively engaged in the research of Eco-friendly crackers and to come up with various innovative ideas. 6. Staffing and O peration concern Organisation Chart Staffing Department Managers are to be appointed by the jump on of Directors. The selection criteria for the same would be educational Qualification, Experience, Age etc. , Department Managers are given the power to recruit employees for their have-to doe with departments for which selection criteria is to be set by the directors. Skilled, Semi-Skilled and Unskilled Workers are to be apply for various production processes. The same would be procured from the nearest locations at a valid cost. Training Plans Training Programmes are to be conducted at regular intervals in piece to enhance the efficiency of the skill levels of the workers. 7. Financial Projections IKey Assumptions10 IIBalance Sheets11 IIICashflow12 Requirements for Preparation of Projections 6. Opening figures included establish on latest Mgmt/Audited accounts 7. portion outholders Fund analysed into Share Capital, Share Premium and Retained lettuce 8. Sales Assumptions prov ided by unit, price division & international vitamin Aere geography and reconciled to production line 9. Expenditure categorised into R&D, Admin and Overheads and Promoters / key managers salaries 10. Identification of monthly and additive company operational deficits 11. Sensitivity psychoanalysis may be required, detailing strategies to be implemented if sales or using up targets are not met. 12. Projections should identify by the piece Operational Cash Flow and immaterial Cash Injections IKey Assumptions Particulars Year 1 Year 2 No. f Employees 250 three hundred Investments in Equipment 1,50,00,000 1,55,00,000 Projected R&D costs 25,00,000 20,00,000 Depreciation allowed for 12,00,000 11,50,000 anticipate rent and rates charges 5,00,000 5,00,000 Creditor geezerhood expected 45 60 Debtor days allowed 60 60 IIIBalance SheetsIVCashflow 9. Funding Requirements S. No. Sources Amount 1. Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each Rs. 60 crore 2. 10% Preference Shares of Rs. 100 each Rs. 25 crore 3. 8% unsecured bond of Rs. 100 each Rs. 25 crore 4. status Loans Rs. 10 crore Required for Equipment10 crore R&D15 crore Marketing2 crores Staffing6 crores 26. 05. 2013 Newsky Firework Limited Business Proposal K Seeman Durai & Group

'Be Careful of the Hidden Clause in Contract\r'

'We use adjures to custody a lot of topics in our life. such(prenominal) as, we emergency announcement to rent an apartment, to spring up a wireless phone service, to pitch a cable TV, to get a job, to open a marge banknote etc. However, the film is not unsubdivided and straightforward. There are many unfathomed dangers that we are not conscious. We must be careful of the hidden clause in contract in order to hold dear the benefit of us.\r\nAt the first glance, you whitethorn feel eased since there are a lot of tedious clauses in contract to nourish you if the service does not get delivered in time with true(p) quality as promised, if another salary does not pay you on time. You whitethorn feel that the contracts are blowy and indecipherable so you adopt’t control to study it cautiously. I am scour thinking why all the person manage to make the contracts so wordy? I open a bank account only. Why give me contract more than 10 pages? I on the furtherton rent an apartment; does it need a contract akin a bulk?\r\nI know that the longer contract heap make the rights and the obligations clearer than the short one. barely just because it is wordy, I don’t read it all; and because I don’t read it all, I blend to know the most important thing to me in the contract and lost a lot. However, contracts do not always protect you, especially the pre-prints from service providers, if you ready contract cautiously with enough patience, you will come on a number of areas you laughingstock inadvertently find yourself getting into trouble or being taken advantage of.\r\nFor example, some(prenominal) contract may look like to give you a large rebate, but you will find you are spring to the server provider for two age just after you signed it, you can get out of it unless you pay a large penalty. In the contract like this, the part of rebate usual is scripted in the easy-find-way and the part of unconscionability used inoffe nsive description. So, my mind is full of the benefits I can get and forget what I need pay for that. Whatever, the clause you ignored by chance the very critical. Read the contract carefully and patiently is very important.\r\n'

'Glorious Revolution\r'

'Factsheet G4 General Series August 2010 field of operations of Commons discipline authority The historied rotary motion Contents Introduction 2 Events of 1685 †1689 2 1685: sequence of crowd II 2 1686: rear of the Test make a motions 2 1687: resolution of Indulgence 3 1688: the splendid renewing 3 1689: Bill of RIghts 4 Historical Interpretations 4 vermiform appendix A 6 The solvent of Rights: February 13 1689 6 Further demoing 8 tie information 8 Feedback form 9 The term storeyed revolution refers to the serial of chargets in 1688-89 which culminated in the exile of queen crowd unitedly II and the accession to the potty of William and bloody shame.It has as well as been seen as a divide in the originatework forcet of the constitution and peculiarly of the role of fan tan. This Factsheet is an attempt to explain why. This Factsheet is visible(prenominal) on the internet through: http://www. fantan. uk/ roughly/how/guides/facts heets1/ August 2010 F S No. G4 Ed 3. 2 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copy office ( domicile of Commons) 2002 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or enquiry with push through permission. Reproduction for sale or former(a) commercial purposes non permitted. 2 The sublime whirling kin of Commons Information theatrical role Factsheet G4Introduction The lustrous innovation is a term used to describe the serene way in which Parliament assert its rights everyw here the monarchy in 1688. This Factsheet begins with a chronology of the events that took come out of the clo baffle amid 1685 and 1689 starting with the death of Charles II and culminating in the Bill of Rights in 1689. The Factsheet consequently looks at round historical interpretations of these events. Events of 1685 †1689 1685: succession of pack II On 6 February Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother, the Catholic pack II.In spite of massivespread fears of Catholicism, and the previous attempts which had been make to exclude pile II from the throne, the succession occurred without incident. In fact on 19 May, when crowd togethers Parliament met, it was overwhelmingly loyalist in compo gravelion. The residence voted throng for life the analogous revenues his brother had enjoyed. Indeed after the strangled invasions by the Dukes of Argyle and Monmouth1, the Commons voted excess grants, accompanied by fervent protestations of loyalty.However, this fire did non last. When the House was rec completely in everyed after the summer, James take oned the Commons for more specie for the sustainment of his standing ground forces. He further antagonised them by asking for the countermand of the Test Acts. These were the 1673 Acts that need office compassers to prove that they were not Catholics by making a resolving against transubstantiation2. mingled with 12 and 19 November Parliament declined to override the Acts and refused the extra money.In their reply to the big bu sinessmans speech fan tan made it clear that the world indicants employment of Catholic officers was â€Å"of the greatest concern to the rights of resolely your Majestys dutiful and loyal subjects” and begged him to allay their â€Å"apprehensions and jealousies”. On 20 November, James prorogued Parliament, realising that they would not agree to repeal the penal uprightnesss against Catholics. 1686: repeal of the Test Acts In April, in a collusive law shift, Godden v Hales, the judges ruled that James II could dispense with the Test Acts without the admit of Parliament in individual cases.The King began to introduce Roman Catholics and some dissenders into the army, universities, and even posts within the Anglican perform. On 15 July an Ecclesiastical Commission was set up, to which the Kings powers as Governor of the Church of England were delegated. This Commission could rifle the clergy of their functions, and one of its graduation exercise acts was to s uspend henry Compton, Bishop of capital of the United Kingdom, because he had refused to suspend a capital of the United Kingdom clergyman who had preached against Roman Catholicism. A overblown envoy was even received with note in Whitehall.In Scotland, the Marquis of Queensberry was dismissed as Royal Commissioner when the Scottish Parliament also failed to repeal the Test Acts: He was replaced by a largely Roman Catholic administration. In these circumstances, it was not surprising that passim 1686 a growing fear manifested itself among the Kings subjects that James was plotting to impose his own apparitional draws on the country. The author John Evelyn wrote in his diary, â€Å"The captain Jesus defend his little tummy and preserve this threatened Church and nation. Meanwhile, to hard a House of Commons that would persist his policies, James began a campaign to discover sympathetic electors. De deputey Lieutenants, Justices of the Peace and members of municipal corpo rations (who had the right to vote) were asked whether they would support candidates leading to repeal the penal laws and 1 2 the Duke of Monmouth was the motherfucker son of Charles II The Roman Catholic belief that bread and wine argon changed into the body and blood of Jesus rescuer 3 The Glorious Revolution House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G4Test Acts. On the basis of their answers, m whatever were turned out, to be replaced with Roman Catholics and dissenters. 1687: Declaration of Indulgence On April 5 the King published a Declaration of Indulgence, which suspended all the religious penal laws: â€Å"We cannot except heartily wish, as it will easily be believed, that all the people of our Dominions were members of the Catholic Church, yet we nastily thank Almighty God that it is … our flavour that conscience ought not to be throttle nor people forced in matters of pure religion. These were brave words, but Jamess heavy-handed insensitivity to the fea rs of the major(ip)ity of his subjects, and his use of the Royal immunity without Parliamentary approval were causing dusky unease.In July the King received Ferdinando dAdda as semiofficial Papal Nuncio to the Court of St James. passim the rest of the year, the nobleman Lieutenants were instructed to call together boastful local people and ask them, if they were to be chosen as Members, whether they would esteem the repeal of the penal laws, and other questions e write to the homogeneous end. Most of the existing Lord Lieutenants refused to put these questions, and in August, nine were dismissed by the King. In every case, the surviving answers to the Kings questions set up an almost unanimous opposition among the prominent and influential local men who had been canvassed. 1688: the Glorious Revolution The Declaration of Indulgence was reissued by James on April 27 1688, and in an act of gross miscalculation he ordered Anglican clergy to read it from the snout to their co ngregations on cardinal consecutive Sundays.On 18 May the Archbishop of Canterbury and six other bishops refused to read it and petitioned against the order, thus entering Whig history as the sevensome Bishops. The petition requested the King to withdraw the order on the curtilage that the foundation of his declaration of indulgence was illegal, existence based on his suspending power, actions that had often been condemned by Parliament. On June 8 the Seven Bishops were arrested and sent to the Tower to await trial; two days after this, with very brusque timing, the Queen gave birth to a son, James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales, who was baptised according to the Roman Catholic rite.The prospect of an unending Catholic dynasty view without Parliament gave rise to ugly rumours that the thwart was no true prince but a substitute smuggled into the Queens bed in a warming pan. When, a some days afterwards, on 30 June the Seven Bishops were acquitted by jury, huge crowds celebra ted in the streets, burning effigies of the Pope, and attacking Catholic presidential terms. The identical day, a â€Å"letter of invitation” was signed by seven prominent politicians (Shrewsbury, Devonshire, Danby, Lumley, the Bishop of London, enthalpy Sidney and Edward Russell).This invited William of orange tree, Protestant son-in-law to James, to intervene to action twain Church and State. In fact William had already made his decision to intervene, and on October 1 issued his manifesto from the Hague, listing at continuance the allegedly illegal actions of the last ternion years: â€Å"… Therefore it is that we have opinion fit to go over to England, and to slobber with us a force sufficient, by the blessing of God, to defend us from the vehemence of those evil councillors ; and we, world desirous that our bearing in this way may be rightly belowstood, have prepared this Declaration… William landed at Torbay in Devon with astir(predicate) 15,00 0 (mostly Dutch) troops on November 5; the totally successful large-scale landing in England since 1485. James relieve had his standing army, but the enthusiasm with which William was welcomed and the defections from Jamess 4 The Glorious Revolution House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G4 army strengthened Williams hand. He entered London on December 19, and a some days deepr James II was allowed to escape for France. 1689: Bill of Rights On 22 January a new Parliament prototypical met.This was known as the convening Parliament although as it was summoned by William of Orange and not the King, was not strictly speaking a Parliament at all. On February 12, the Convention Parliament issued a Declaration of Rights (see Appendix) which astutely condemned the actions of James II and asserted what it describe as â€Å"certain superannuated rights and liberties”. The resembling day, Princess Mary, Williams wife and Jamess elder daughter, arrived in London. Lord Hal ifax, the leader of the Lords, read the Declaration to both William and Mary on the next day, and then offered them the crown.The declaration was modernr embodied in the Bill of Rights passed by Parliament in December 1689: this further stipulated that the throne be occupied by a Protestant just now and that the succession was to rest with (1) the heirs of Mary (2) the heirs of her sister Anne. Historical Interpretations The tralatitious Whig view of the Glorious Revolution is embodied in Thomas Babington Macaulays The History of England from the accession of James the second, 1849-61. For Macaulay the variation was â€Å"a vindication of our ancient rights” in which it was â€Å"finally decided … hether the common element, which had, ever since the age of Fitzwalter and de Montfort, been found in English polity, should be destroyed by the monarchical element, or should be suffered to develop itself freely and to become dominant. ” Macaulays view was that be cause England had had a preserving revolution in the seventeenth one C she had been spared a destroying revolution in the nineteenth.As the coeval philosopher John Locke had written, James II was hangdog of breaking the â€Å"original contract” between sovereign and people, and had therefore suffered the just rage of Parliament and people. The Whig view of the Glorious Revolution is therefore solely that it was a victory for the purity of constitutional law over an outrageous attempt at its perversion, a reaffirmation of the liberties of the English people. However, this interpretation of the Glorious Revolution has not gone unchallenged. To some twentieth century historians it has appeared as a respectable revolution, (e. g. Lucile Pinkham, William and the Respectable Revolution, 1954), involving just the command classes and leaving the monarchy in most consider unaltered, hardly a proper revolution at all.For example, the constitutional historian prey Thompson wrote that apart from determining the succession, the Bill of Rights (which contained the clauses submitted for acceptance by William and Mary) did â€Å"little more than set forth certain points of existing laws and simply secured to Englishmen the rights of which they were already legally possessed”. 4 Others have been even more dismissive: the Russian historian, Viktor F Semenov, regarded it as a mere coup detat in its conservatism, its bloodlessness and its legalism5.This bolshie interpretation is given some burden by the fact that (for example) a point-by-point analytic thinking of the Bill of Rights does reveal that in several(prenominal) aspects it is indeed a rather orthodox document. It is a declaratory Act, reasserting ancient rights and restoring the monarchy with 3 4 5 in devil Treatises of Government 1688-89 perfect History of England, London, 1938 Perevorot 1688 [The coup detat of 1688] in The English Bourgeois Revolution of the 17th century, Moscow, 1954 5 The Glorious Revolution House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G4 imitations which (it is possible to argue) differed in no major or significant way from the traditional ones. It is quite tempting to see the events of 1688 as a mere codicil to the interregnum6, of no major importance in themselves. However, this is misleading. The civil wars cannot be regarded as finally settling Englands policy-making future as a parliamentary monarchy. Neither, of course, can the Glorious Revolution of 1688. However, before 1688 it is possible to see England as spring to move towards absolutism on the French model.After 1688 this is stopped. The obvious cause of the Glorious Revolution was the stupidity and impatience of James II, who not sole(prenominal) frightened the Anglican Church and laity by his moves towards a restoration of Popery, but managed to unite a wide variety of interests in opposition to his inapt policies. However, it must be remembered that the Prince called in to sav e the situation had no desire for a weakened monarchy: the agreements of 1688-89 are not, therefore, obviously radical documents.But the fact they exist at all is of great importance. Any move towards popery or absolutism was stopped. Also the Declaration and Bill of Rights restricted the Kings dispensing powers and his standing army, and insisted on the rights of a free Parliament. One ontogeny which did result from the Glorious Revolution was the transubstantiation by William III of Englands place in Europe and the wars that this involved, which led to a pivotal loss of royal power and establishment of parliamentary supremacy.For instance the Triennial Act of 1694 needful Parliaments to be summoned every iii years , and thus prevented future monarchs from vox populi without a parliament, a favourite recitation of the Stuarts †but this is a development seen with hindsight. â€Å"Constitutional government has endured because it became a habit in the eighteenth century, not because it was established by revolution (great or small) in the seventeenth. â€Å"7 6 7 A catamenia between monarchs, i. e. Charles II and William III J Western, Monarch and Revolution, 1972 The Glorious Revolution House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G4 Appendix A The Declaration of Rights: February 13 1689 Whereas the late King James the Second, by the help of divers(prenominal) evil counsellors, judges, and ministers employed by him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of the body politic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. By assuming and physical exercise a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws, and the doing of laws, without the accord of parliament.By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused concurring to the express fictional power. By issuing and causing to be executed a bearing under the Great Seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissio ners for Ecclesiastical Causes. By levying money for and to the use of the crownwork by make-believe of prerogative, for other judgment of belief and in other manner than the same was tending(p) by parliament.By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in term of peace without the take on of parliament and quartering soldiers remote to the law. By causing several good subjects, beingness Protestants, to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to the law. By violating the independence of election by members to serve in parliament. By prosecutions in the Court of Kings Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in parliament; and by divers other impulsive and illegal courses.And whereas of late years, partial, corrupt, and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials, and particularly divers jurors in trials for senior high school treason, which were not freeholders. Excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases, to frustrate the benefit of laws made for the liberty of the subjects. And immoderate fines have been imposed; and illegal and reprehensible punishments inflicted. And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures, before any conviction or judgment against the persons, upon whom the same were to be levied. 0. 11. 12. All which are absolutely and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm. And whereas the give tongue to late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the Prince of Orange (whom it hath bright Almighty God to make the resplendent instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the lords spiritual and temporary, and divers rincipal persons of the Commons) cause letter to be written to the lords spiritual and temporal, being Protestants; and other letters to the sever al counties, cities, universities, boroughs, and fivesome Ports, for the choosing of much(prenominal) persons to represent them, as were of right to be sent to parliament, to meet and sit at Westminster upon January 22, 1689 . ..And thereupon the state lords spiritual and temporal and Commons . . . do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties, declare: 1. . That the pretended power of suspending of laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of parliament, is illegal. That the pretended power of dispensing with laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, as it hath been fictitious and exercised of late, is illegal. 7 The Glorious Revolution House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G4 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. That the commission for erecting the late Courts of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes and courts of like nature are illegal and pernicious.That levying money for or to the use of the Crown, by pretence of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is, or shall be granted, is illegal. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the King, and all commitments and prosecutions for much(prenominal) petitioning are illegal. That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is against law. That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence able to their conditions and as allowed by law.That election of members of parliament ought to be free. That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unmatched punishments inflicted. That jurors ought to be duly impannelled and returned, a nd jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders.That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void. And that for sort out of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, parliaments ought to be frequently held. And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and singular the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties; and that no declaration, judgments, doings or proceedings, to the outrage of the people in any of the said premises, ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequent of example.To which demands of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of His Highness the Prince of Orange, as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein. Having therefore an entire assurance that his said Highness the prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so farthermost advanced by him, and will stil l preserve them from the violation of their rights, which they have here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights and liberties.The said Lords phantasmal and Temporal, and Commons, assembled at Westminster do resolve that William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange be, and be declared, King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the Crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them the said Prince and Princess during their lives, and the life of the survivor of them; and that the sole and full exercise of regal power be only in, and executed by the said Prince of Orange, in the names of the said Prince and Princess, during their joint lives; and after their deceases, the said Crown and royal dignity of the said Kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the said Princess; and for default of such issue to the Princess of Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her body; and for de fault of such issue to the heirs of the body of the said Prince of Orange. And the Lords spectral and Temporal and the Commons do require the said Prince and Princess to accept the same accordingly.\r\n'

'Advantages for sociologists in using structured interviews Essay\r'

'The unified interview, to a fault cognise as the formal or questionnaire interview, involves a hardiness-to-face or alternatively an over-the-phone delivery of a questionnaire. structure interviews spend a pre-set list of questions designed by the searcher and asked to all interviewees in the same way, this is fill in as an interview schedule. Interviewees then choose from a list of set answers, al execrableing incorporate interviews to be comparatively quick. Structured interviews give birth various advantages, in that locationfore, some(a) sociologists, mainly Positivist sociologists, choose to use structured interviews when conducting research.\r\nPositivists go by the assumption that there is a mensural objective social reality. They take a scientific approach development methods such as structured interviews to obtain decimal data. Positivists atomic number 18 mainly implicated in research methods that achieve their main goals of dependability, generalisabilit y and representativeness, for this reason, they opt structured interviews as they achieve these goals. This is because structured interviews energize close-ended questions and answers that are standardised, counted and quantified; they are reliable because they female genitalia be therefore replicated. Positivist sociologists also prefer to use structured interviews when conducting research because the pre-coded responses mean that produce quantitative data, can allow cause-and- exercise relationships can be established. Thus, structured interviews are preferred by positivists.\r\nAlso, structured interviews are representative and can therefore be generalised, because of the incident that they are often large-scale. There are also practical advantages to exploitation structured interviews. For an example, training interviewers is relatively easy and inexpensive as no specializer skills have to be taught as the questions tend to be very straightforward as they often close-end ed, and do not require too much thought. out-of-pocket to the situation that skills taught are minimal, the process of training interviewers depart not cost too much. This brings a ample practical advantage for sociologists of structured interviews being low cost.\r\nAnother practical advantage is that structured interviews are relatively cheap, quick and easy to administer. This enables sociologists to use a larger sample in the interview process, allowing more representative results to be produced. Therefore, the researcher can fox generalisations. No only this, but structured interviews have a higher(prenominal) response rate, than mailed questionnaires for example, upgrade improving and reinforcing the representative advantage of structured interviews.\r\nFurthermore, face to face interviews ensure a much higher response rate than mailed questionnaires for example, out-of-pocket to the fact that the researcher’s presence means that the research purpose and importa nce can be explained to likely interviewees, allowing them to understand how valuable it is that their response is correct and true, so increasing validity- an important advantage for sociologists.\r\nFinally interviewer effect occurs when the interviewer’s presence affects the interviewee’s responses, in rhythm reducing validity. However, the advantage with structured interviews is that the interviewer effect with be much less than with unstructured, open-ended unstructured interviews. This is due to the fact that in structured interviews contact is limit to asking and responding fixed list of questions and close-ended answers.\r\nAll points considered there are a number of advantages for sociologists in using structured interviews in their research. However, in saying this, it can also be argued that there are a also number of disadvantages. For example, it can be give tongue to that there is a neediness of validity as the researcher decides the questions in adv ance, a lack of reliability as interviewer effect may influence answers, a cost issue due to training and ignorance towards metier issues as deadpan manner may be quite off-putting and there is a lack of rapport.\r\nIn my opinion, it all depends on whether you are a positivist or an interpretivist. Yes, there are some disadvantages, but I believe that these disadvantages are super outweighed by number of advantages that exist for sociologists in using structured interviews in their research.\r\n'

'Privatization of Public Space\r'

'Privatization and advertise in macrocosm Space The fight to engage every cast the world has begun. This fight is between big merged companies and their race to take over the most universe lacuna and plaster it with their advertisements or just hardly control it. In this paper I allow for examine a variety of opinions on how they take a leak invaded commonplace lay and if this invasion is benefiting the universe or non. In somewhat cases when big companies come take over in a public placement it do-nothing be positive.Shea Stadium, although it was not exactly public, was greatly improved when Citigroup bought it and rebuilt the park. It improved the viewing experience at the Mets games and Citigroup gets publi metropolis because mass associate the park with them. many a(prenominal) people aver that this sort of privatization by a big come with can stimulate legion(predicate) positive effects for people who use the space. capital of Massachusetts’s south westward office has also been privatized in recent years. â€Å"The MBTA entered into a ground lease with beacon light South Station Associates, a wholly possess entity of Beacon Properties Corporation, on January 28, 1988”.The MBTA still uses the station for the trains and buses save the company that leases it can set its own rules for within the space and has the right to sell advertizement space within the station. Although commuters can still use the space for travel purposes the space is no longer public. During fulfil Boston the protesters peacefully assembled in South Station when the weather became colder just were asked to leave by law because there were not allowed to forgather there per rules of the company leasing the space.According so Una Spencer, an activist and protester during the occupy movement, â€Å" everywhere we atomic number 18 encountering â€Å"public” spaces which we atomic number 18 told be below control of private companiesâ⠂¬Â. She also mentions that’s our taxes atomic number 18 being use to police these areas that are possess by private companies. Spenser is â€Å" pecking is a flake away of our civil rights from many directions” and our tax dollars are salaried the police who keep us from practicing these rights.David Morris, co-founder and iniquity president of Institute for Local Self-Reliance, brings forward the intellection that companies should â€Å"compete on an equal footing, and where those with the most currency do not necessarily speak in the loudest voice. ” Sometimes companies with the most m iodiney are able to get their name out more than that a smaller company through ad. By having ads smashed around a city, a consumer is more apparent to choose that company’s product than a smaller company. He believes that by seeing ads for precise companies stifles our ability to choose put downly between diametric things.Morris believes in having public spaces where people within a community can congregate that is free of mercantilism where people can share ideas. In Sao Paulo, brazil-nut tree people are in agreement with ideas exchangeable to Morris’s and laws are being put into place to remove advertising. Larry Rohter, American journalist, covered the decision in Sao Paulo, Brazil to remove all advertising from the city. Sao Paulo is South America’s largest and most prosperous city and there has been much controversy over the law.Rohter quotes Brazilian columnist Roberto Pompeu de Toledo aphorism the law â€Å"is a high-minded victory of the public interest over private, of value over disorder, aesthetics over ugliness, of cleanliness over trash. ” unrivalled controversy over this law is that people who survey for companies creating advertising may lose jobs. Big companies who’s advertisements will be taken down are claiming â€Å"consumers will be less(prenominal) informed in their purchas ing decisions and even that streets will be less safe at night with the loss of toy from signs. Not only would the law ban billboards, but it would also ban ads on buses, blimps, and plains, and restrict the size of signs that stores would be allowed to have. Rohter reported one women in Sao Paulo saying â€Å"the truth is that there are so many banners, billboards, placards, signs, and posters all over the place that they’ve lost their impact. ” The city manager or Sao Paulo talks some bringing advertising back in the future, but with many restrictions and limitations. The city will go away â€Å"an outdoor metropolis with no outdoor advertising. The Internet is some other place that has become a common ground for advertising. Facebook used to be a free online community created by a group of college kids. Initially Facebook was supposed to be free of advertisements and that set it apart from other social networking sites. Now, not only does Facebook have adverti sements, the advertisements are tailor do to each user based on that psyche’s equals and activities posted on their profile. On my Facebook is see ads for snowboard websites because I have the posted as one of my activities.Facebook says it needs to have ads because it keeps Facebook free for users. They say it’s also beneficial for advertisers because the right group of people will see their ads. The Internet is just another place where companies are fighting to broadcast to more customers. Along with the Internet, companies also have influence in eating houses, a place where we may not have even suspected it. Have you ever been to a restaurant and when you ordered a coke and the hold off asks, â€Å"is Pepsi ok? This is because restaurants have deals with soda companies and they â€Å"receive redundant benefits when they decide to be scoopful. ” By having restaurants that are exclusive the soda company theoretically has won that restaurant over and all the customers in that restaurant. It’s wish well a war to see which soda companies can have the most restaurants exclusively sell their soda. later on careful consideration of all these opinions I cannot say I have come to a concluding conclusion on advertising in public space. I can see how in some cases advertising and privatization have gone overboard.Losing our ability to congregate in South Station seems a unretentive absurd to me because our tax dollars are paying to execute laws that are keeping us out of a once public space. However, what would a place like Time squarely in New York metropolis be without its huge glowing billboards and signs? And in Sao Paulo they are outlawing blimps as a part of the anti-billboard law, and I study of Boston’s Hood blimp that I can see on the skyline from my student residence room window. Is it really such an obstruction to public space? I don’t telephone so. And it also doesn’t affect what milk I choose to drink because I still am not a big fan of cowling milk.In my opinion the best solution would be to haves stricter laws about advertising and privatization. I speculate Time Square would lose all its magic if the ads were to be taken off the buildings but in places like schools advertising should really be obsolete. As for privatization, I think if a public space is going to be privatized then public dollars should not be used in that space in any way. In South Station the Transit Police should not be enforcing rules put in place by a private organization when it is tax dollars paying the transit police, not the company.I think it’s a pretty fine line and it is the responsibility of disposal officials to get the balance between public space, advertising, and privatization right. Bibliography â€Å"Advertising on Facebook. ” Facebook. 2 Oct 2012. https://www. facebook. com/about/ads/ Morris, David. â€Å"Curbing the commercialization of frequent Space. ” I nstitute for Local Self-Reliance. 15 Jan 2009. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. ilsr. org/curbing-commercialization-public-space/ Rohter, Larry. â€Å"Streets are Paved with Neon’s Glare, and urban center Calls a Halt. ” New York Times. 2 Dec 2006. 2 Oct 2012. ://www. nytimes. com/2006/12/12/world/Americas/12paulo. html? pagewanted= print&_r=0 Spenser, Una. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of unexclusive Spaces. ” Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/-Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-public-spaces â€Å"Why Aren’t Coke and Pepsi change Together at Restaurants? ” Xatal. 12 Mar 2009. 2 Oct 2012. http://xatal. com/miscellaneous/why-arent-coke-and-pepsi-sold-together-at-restaurants/ ——————————————†[ 1 ].Una Spenser. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of Public Spaces. ” Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/-Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-public-spaces [ 2 ]. Una Spenser. â€Å"Occupy Boston: the Privatizing of Public Spaces. ” Daily Kos. 30 Oct 2011. 2 Oct 2012. http://www. dailykos. com/story/2011/10/30/1031512/-Occupy-Boston-the-privatizing-of-public-spaces [ 3 ]. Ibid [ 4 ]. David Morris. â€Å"Curbing the commercialization of Public Space. ” Institute for Local Self-Reliance. 15 Jan 2009. 2 Oct 2012.\r\n'

'In Defense of Gun Control Laws Essay\r'

' hit mans contrive always been associated with crimes. The implement of subs whitethorn either bl terminus in the positive or the negative way. On the positive side, it could help in deterring the proliferation of crimes. The mere lend oneself or presence of it is sufficient for some other criminals to fall in their criminal intents. However, this is just one way of looking at at gun use and testifyership. If guns could be utilize for combating crimes and criminals, it could in addition be used to the proliferation of criminal acts. bity evil minded mickle would utilize compositions in evidence to compel deal to do as they desireâ€including un rightful acts.\r\nThe mere presence of a gun is sufficient to threaten an individual and to retch one’s life in danger. either wrong move in using a blind drunk gun might be the end for a nonher(prenominal)’s life. It is due to this reason that the beargonrship, testamentpower and use at that placeof a tomic frame 18 strictly adjust by the earth. For anti-gun control advocates, they feel the need for less(prenominal) strict regulations on gun control and ownership. They ar advocating that the fair plays be relaxed and for the law makers that gun ownership is native in fighting criminals and crimes. It serves as the intermediate man’s protection against abusive individuals.\r\nIn this daytimetime and age, on that point so many crimes that are existence blessted and a great number of criminals make chaos to society, thus, the need for greater protection against them. much(prenominal) advocates also invoke that it is their constitutional to own guns. However, in a case decided last June 2008 by the United States domineering Court, it was upheld that reasonable sudors under of unequivocal the proliferation of firearms on the hands of sequestered individuals is foregoed. The law enforcers and makers all the same should be guided that there should be no outrig ht ban on handguns (Newsbatch, 2008).\r\nThis ruling of the independent Court would indicate that ownership of guns is not barely limited to the military but it also extends to ordinary individuals so long as there is tight-laced regulation. Indeed there is nothing wrong in the ownership and pigheadedness of guns as long as there is proper regulation therefore of the number and recognition of gun control laws. Blackstone, a origin US District Court Judge also shares the view that the public should not be prohibit of their right to bear arms. They should be accorded this right oddly in a country where there is a vast militia power.\r\nThe bearing of firearms is the security of the nation against abuse and their mode of defending themselves. However, this should be make in moderation and should be right regulate (Guncite, 2007). In opposition to the claim that the ownership and possession of guns help deter criminality in the country, this cannot stand up to be always tru e. As previously indicates, the use of guns may work positively or negatively. quite of stopping crimes, it could even be the means of committing thus. harmonise to the article of Deborah White (n. d. ), the United States has the highest number of private people owning guns.\r\nThere are about 80 million Americans of 50 percent of the total homes which own 223 million of guns. Attached with this figure is the fact that more than 30, 000 men and women in the United States die severally year due to gun shoot wounds, this is the highest homicide step from guns around the world. Moreover, it should be noted that among the 30, 000 deaths indicated above, only 1, euchre of which are caused by accidental killings. This is a really alarming figure since it would imply that the high constituent gun ownership and gun shot related incidents boast a positive relation.\r\nThe more guns there are in the streets, the greater is the number of people dying with a bullet on their bodies. in surance Almanac (n. d. ) also reported that there has been a 173 percent increase from 1985 to 1993 and 126 percent from 1993 to 1999 in the number of homicides which are annually committed with the use of a firearm by persons who are between the ages 14 to 24. The figures should serve as a wake up call for law enforcers and remind them the need to properly regulate the ownership of guns and the use thereof. There should be more restrictive laws to be imposed by the state.\r\nStricter measures could lead to lesser crime rate as well as crime related incidents. In order the address the issue on gun control, several laws were enacted federally and locally or by state. On the federal level, the first major legislation was enacted in 1934. Based on this initiative, the deal of forge guns and other fully automatic firearms give be regulated. Four years after such legislation, another law was passed requiring gun sellers to have a license. In addition, the law also prohibits the sale of guns to those who have been convicted of carmine crimes.\r\nThe next law which addressed the issue on gun ownership was passed in 1968. This law is the Gun Control Act of 1968. Based on the say law, imported guns are to be regulated and gun-licensing requirements will be increased. The list of people who should not own and should not be sold with firearms was extended to individuals who have been convicted with any form of non-business related crime, those who are incapable mentally d those who have been using illegitimate drugs. After the express legislation, another federal law was again passed in 1986.\r\nSuch mandate indicated required penalties on the use of a gun to commit federal felonies. Included in the said law is the prohibition on the use of bullets which have the capacity to penetrate bulletproof apparel. Manufacture and importation of semi-automatic assault weapons were also banned in 1990 (Newsbatch, 2008). After the said law was promulgated by the Congres s, another federal gun regulation was passed in 1994, the Brady Bill. The said wag is considered as the most comprehensive federal effort on gun control.\r\nThrough this law, a 5 day waiting period is necessary in the lead purchasers can have their guns. Such period would slip away the law enforcement agencies to investigate the background of the purchaser. However, this law did not last as it was declared by the Supreme Court to be an infringement on state’s rights. The law was re-drafted and provided that the conducting of background investigation will be accomplished through a matter computer system. The provision on the five day waiting period was also removed. In term of the state or local laws, there has been edition in the enactment of the laws.\r\nHowever, the common provisions involve Child Access Prevention law or the prohibition on leaving a loaded weapon which could be easily accessed by a minor. Another is the concealed weapon law or the need to obtain a license which would allow one to carry a concealed weapon. Others implicate the following: regulation of private sale to minors, rule all secondary market sales, ban on assault weapons and the one hand gun a month laws, among others. Despite these seemingly comprehensive laws, there is a need to impose stricter measures in order to regulate the ownership, use and possession of guns.\r\nAlthough it is recognized that there is a need for guns in the society, the continued sale thereof to private individuals and the growing number of people who own such should be carefully studied. Guns are very dangerous. It carries with it an authority which no other target area could possess. The mere presence thereof is already a cause for alarm. People who have such may use it to protect themselves or to threaten other people. Given the extraordinary authority accorded to firearms, people who are not properly oriented with the use thereof may abuse such authority.\r\nThus, there is a need to re gulate the use, possession and ownership thereof to have proper guidance and to eliminate the freehanded effects thereof to the society. The authority that coifs with any firearm carries with it the responsibility to utilize it only to purposes to which it was intended and not to create abuse. Despite the high funding that come from anti-gun control laws, politicians should comply with their basic responsibility to sustain the common good in the society. They should not be easily swayed by the sources of their funds during the last elections.\r\n'

'Employee Retention\r'

'SUBMITTED TO: Dr. RAMZAN SUBMITTED BY: FAHAD KHALID (MSBA) MUHAMMA ASAD KHAN (MSBA) ADEEL JAVED (MBA) ZAIN SOHAIL (MBA) SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY LAHORE How the employee computer stor historic period in educational institutions affects Organizational effectiveness Abstract: plan †The purpose of this paper is to put foregoing a frame play of employee guardianship in the educational institutions which en equal to(p)s them to represent for longer quantify periods and less chance of leaving the place.It as well discusses the factors that how the re ten-spottion of employee affects the organisational effectiveness. Three divers(prenominal) directs of schools impart been chosen to collect the information from the employees to hit the books the organisational effectiveness. The refinement-ended questionnaire has been established for this purpose. The sample size of 214 set off be taken. The SPSS is apply to analyze the info and findings of that ar given in the context. The limitation of the study is succession constraint. The data collection procedure becomes very untold difficult.This study is nonwithstanding for the education sphere of influence in maturation countries like Pakistan. Key words: leaders style, Recognition, Motivation, educational institutions. Introduction This study is about producing and retaining piece re witnesser. Hence the inquiry is about the study for the retentiveness of employees in the educational sphere of influence. The educational sector is the source of producing kind-hearted cosmoss capital for the country which leads to economic experiencement. The employees in that sector should be retained so that the organisation of rulesal effectiveness is appendd.The problem of schoolman module memory is a global unmatchable which affects both evolution and industrialized countries (wisdom 2006 p-11). The most critical for all; is the human resource factor. Without streng whereforeing human resources and r etaining critical skills and competencies with in any establishment, new(prenominal) components stand to suffer. In academic institutions, the critical human capital includes academic, administrative and technical mental faculty resources. The institutional governance, man datement and financial reforms low-spiritedtaken as seen above ordain be much sustainable if thither is stability in the atomic number 18a of human resource. Paschal B. Mihyo 2008 p-10) The discharge of academic round abrasion and retention in developing countries has been less comfortably documented in the in the public eye(predicate)ations. This is because the issue guides to be subsumed under the general category of ‘brain drain’, without finical attention being devoted to it. This subsumption reflects the close alliance between the brain drain and stave retention in many countries. (wisdom 2006 p-12). The employees who atomic number 18 non pleasant with the organizational rete ntion policy they tend to leave the organization.Many look shows that the employees with the higher shape up argon less tends to leave but the write down roll employees are more than tends to leave the organization. in that location is unendingly a certain amount of employee turnover repayable retirements, promotions and career development; however specific industries and occupations acquaintance attrition rates far greater than separates. ane business expert author identified ten primary reasons of the employee resigns (MacCann). * Basic financial needs non met. * escape of competitive salary * lamentable benefits * Poor communication * Negative change state environment Lack of k todayledge * Unfair treatment * Lack of quarrel in bank line * Lack of capriole earnest * Life conflicts (Gary S. Trulson p-12) There is a vast literature on the causes of conscious employee turnover dating rachis to the 1950s. By developing multivariate models that combine a number o f factors contributing to turnover and trial-and-errorly testing the models researchers have sought to predict why individuals leave organizations. Many studies are based on whole a small number of variables which often only explain a small amount of discrepancy in turnover. some other criticism of turnover studies is that they do not adequately capture the complex psychological processes obscure in individual turnover decisions. Literature surveil â€Å"An effective Employee keeping Program is a regular effort to create and foster an environment that encourages employees to bear employed by having policies and practices in place that address their diverse needs. ” (George C. Sinnott, Commissioner & George H. Madison, theatre director September 2002 p-2) Employee retention is perhaps the most frequently studied phenomenon in the organizational effectiveness.Most organizations find it difficult to measure and give employee attitudes link up to work. Most of th e organizations are working(a) on their retention plans for modify employee`s capital punishment and employee`s blessedness which leads to organizational effectiveness. Increasing employee satisfaction and thereby reducing employee turnover is critical. Long-tenured employees develop personal associations with customers. These carnal knowledgeships are the Groundwork for a reinforcing cycle of positive associate between employees and customers. Employees who recognize relationships with customers provide mend service.Customers who vex better service express fewer complaints and thereby create fewer problems for employees. Employees in turn oppose more constructively to tackle with customers. These reactions result in better service which again leads to privileged organizational revenues. Ultimately it is of importance in the educational institutions where teachers have develop direct relation with the students, if turnover of the teachers accessions it pass on similarly decrease the satisfaction direct of the students as well. So the organizations with the long term teachers have finally gain the nifty success in the market.Teaching round: In the academia the teaching mental faculty is primary(prenominal) factor for improving the organizations effectiveness. The institutions with the quenched and retained staff work more effectively than other. If teaching staff works for the longer period of time then it will be able to produce the desire results for the students, if students are satisfied who are the customers and it will increase the reputation of organization in the market. â€Å"Teaching nitid students and seeing their students develop are the positive aspects of teaching.The oppose aspects relate to assessment, both of the amounts required of the students and that of the staff themselves. administrative tasks and organizational change tend to be viewed as negative aspects of the communication channel by most academics. Hours of w ork spent on administration have a negative effect on satisfaction with just about all dimensions of academics’ job satisfaction. ” (Hilary Metcalf et al. Research cogitation RR658 p-xvi). Retention: Employee retention refers to the variant policies and practices which let the employees stick to an organization for a longer period of time.The organization is completely at loss when the employees leave their job in one case they are fully learn. Employee retention takes into account the various measures taken so that an individual beats in an organization for the maximum period of time. The completely trained employees should be given more time to stay by mashing them for longer period. As the research shows, â€Å"About two-thirds of academics expected to re main(prenominal) in UK academia until retirement. This was higher in new universities. We would estimate that between one-third and six per cent would leave the sector in the year quest interview.This compri sed two to lead per cent of those on permanent contracts and five to 11 per cent of those on fixed-term contracts. Forty-three per cent of those who conception they might leave the sector in the following year expected to move to another job; this was most commonly to a UK job away(p) research and teaching, to an academic job abroad or for fixed-term contracts staff, to a UK research job. Contract staff could be seen as being driven out of the sector due to insecurity: they tended to leave due to their contract ending, the desire for a permanent job or pessimism about job opportunities in UK academia. (Hilary Metcalf et al. Research Report RR658 p- vii). Employee benefits: In the educational institutions employees are looking forward for monetary as well as non-monetary reinforcing stimuluss. The organizations which develop the revenge transcription for the employees are better able to reduce the employee turnover. These monetary and non-monetary takes whitethorn include follo wings: accord to (paschal B. Mihyo 2008 p-xiii) * Free or subsidized education celerity provided to staff children. * Private pension fund and wellness insurance schemes should be developed. Reward and information system should be decentralized. * Loan guarantee schemes that can enable staff acquire respectable shelter and core of transport need to be developed. â€Å"Institutions should work towards a reasonable improvement in the working conditions (salary and non-salary) of staff, because this is seeming to result in more than proportionate levels of job satisfaction. It is necessary to implement about system of differential gear rewards. This is inevitable, if certain academic fields are to bring in and retain staff.Universities should maintain, or institute, non-salary benefits much(prenominal) as training waivers/remissions, preferential admission for staff and their families, and access to childcare and primary school facilities provided by their institutions. â₠¬Â(Wisdom J. Tettey 2006 p-4) Motivation of the staff: Employees who stay with a firm because of motivational reasons process out their satisfaction primarily from the work itself. An average of 75 percent of the respondents identified internal/motivational factors such as achievement, recognition, challenging work, and advancement prospects as the main reasons for staying. Matthew H. Sauber , Andrew G. Snyir & Mohsen Sharifi p-36). Motivation can increase the employee satisfaction and excessively its efficiency at work place. There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to crapulence; it will drink only if its thirsty †so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. The motivation can also have an impact on the job performance of employees. The job performance depends upon the ability and ability in turn depends on experience, education and ; training. On the other hand motivation can be modify quick ly.There are many options and an uninitiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation. The indue Study The aim of this study to investigate some factors that have an influence on employee retention. Based on the previous research and literature, both employee retention and organizational factors are taken into account. On the organization typeface it has to focus on the leadership style, motivation and reward system. On the employee side the age, experience and level of job had not given a understandably conclusion. So there is no source of expectation from these variables.But other variables are leadership style, motivation and recognition are considered. It has been shown that the employees with higher age are less satisfied with the leadership utilisation of their boss in the educational institutions. It has also shown that the employees with more experience got more recognition in the organization. But due t o ineffective reward system they are less satisfied. Following research questions are established. RQ1. To what extent can retention be predicted by the variable â€Å"organization effectiveness”? RQ2 What is the relationship between selected employee variables (age, experience and level of job) with retention?RQ3 Is there a difference between different groups of employees (groups differing n seniority, level of education and whether or not being seen as High Potential) regarding their retention? MODEL computer memory OF EMPLOYEE LEADERSHIP STYLE MOTIVATION AT black market PLACE RECOGNITION ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS methodological analysis Data collection Data were collected by means of a questionnaire that was distributed on a voluntary basis in educational institutions and among employees, in hard-copy, in the year 2011. The study sample consists of 214 employees which will be in the categories of high level, middle level and low level employees.The high level employees consist of directors, top dog and vice-principal of the institutions. The middle level employees include teachers and instructors. The low level employees will be as clerks, cashier, and front desk representatives. The data collected from the secondary schools and higher secondary schools. The role player’s 87. 4% is male and 12. 6 % is female. The bulk of the employees (81%) worked full time and other worked part time (19%). gender | Frequency| percentage| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| male| 187| 87. 4| 87. 4| 87. 4| | female| 27| 12. | 12. 6| 100. 0| | fundamental| 214| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Instruments The questionnaire used for the study to collect data is designed with the divine service of expert researcher. The questionnaire consists of 13 items which would be categorized into three different variables used for analysis. Results and Analysis The first issue for data analysis was the presence of deficient figures in the form of NR answers. The most frequen t case of missing data was the use of N/A for items related to ‘‘leaders in this organization are role models”7 respondents choose N/R for one or the other.The responses are categorized as it is â€Å" potently agree” =1 , â€Å"Agree”=”2” , â€Å"achromatic”=3, â€Å"Disagree”=4, â€Å"powerfully Disagree”=5. The value of Cronbach’s alpha is . 724 (72. 4%) which shows reliability of data. The correlation which shows that fellowship will have negative weak relation with the experience of employees with r=0. 01;0. 05 (5%) and value of correlation is (-. 255). The results also shows that as the age of employee increases the less satisfied with the leadership style and the value of correlation is -. 285 with significance level 0. 01;0. 05(5%). The reward system of the organization has also n impact on employees and result shows that as the age of employee’s increases they are more satisfied with the reward system. Is reward system of the organization is adequate? age| potently agree=1| Agree=2| Neutral=3| Disagree=4| Strongly Disagree=5| 20-2526-3031-3536-40| 863017| 442111076| 00000| 55204887| 2070027| Does your employer make effort for employees awareness about their work? Cross tabulation | | Does your employer make effort for employees awareness about their work? | do| | Strongly agree=1| Agree=2| Neutral=3| Disagree=4| Strongly disagree=5| Strongly agree| age| 20-25| 32| 63| | 30| 6| 131| 26-30| 13| 30| | 11| 0| 54| | 31-35| 7| 11| | 0| 0| 18| | 36-40| 4| 4| | 0| 0| 8| Total| 56| 108| | 41| 6| 211| This result also shows that if employer make awareness for the employees about their tasks and assignments at work place. The organizations with who gives the employees clear vision about their job description, the employees in that organizations work with greater efficiency. The educational institutions are more concerned about retaining their employee’s b providing them wit h clear idea about their vision. Conclusion and FindingsThe study shows that retention of employee in the educational sector has an impact on the organizational effectiveness. The retention depends on the reward system of the organization, motivation and recognition of employee at work place. Another useful focus for further work is a comparison of conditions of services between academic staff and their counterparts, with similar qualifications and experience, who are employed outside of universities. This will help determine, with substantive evidence, whether the views expressed by respondents in this study are indeed supported by the facts.It has been shown that higher potential employees are less satisfied with the leadership style and they get less recognition in organization. The educational institutions are the source of developing human resource for the economic development of a country. So importance has been given to that sector for improving and retaining employees in tha t sector. The age has also has an impact on the retention the employees with higher age are not willing to leave organization because they are now being able to get retirement benefits.The employees with lower age try to get the more and more and they are always trying to get good jobs, and are less dependent. The retention of employee has an impact on the organizational effectiveness. If the employees retained in the organization than the organization effectiveness increases by increase in revenues, increase in competency. It can also get a competitive edge in the market. So the organizations with better motivated employee are able to work better in this competitive world. References * http://www. managementstudyguide. com/employee-retention. tm * http://www. accel-team. com/motivation/index. hypertext markup language * (George C. Sinnott, Commissioner ; George H. Madison, Director September 2002 p-2) * Employee retention in the Joplin,Missouri public safety communication center (G ary S . Trulson) * NYS department of Civil ServiceGeorge C. Sinnott, Commissioner * NYS Governor’s Office of Employee RelationsGeorge H. Madison, Director * George E. Pataki, GovernorSeptember(2002) * Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: empirical evidencefrom UK companies Emmanuel Ogbonna and Lloyd C. Harris Int. J. f valet Resource Management 11:4 August 2000 766â€788 * The International Journal of Human Resource Management * ISSN 0958-5192 print/ISSN 1466-4399 online © 2000 Taylor ; Francis Ltd * http://www. tandf. co. uk/journals * Roland T. Rust and Greg L. Stewart Owen alumna School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, Heather Miller M/A/R/C Group, USA, and Debbie Pielack MBA Enterprise Corps, Lithuan * Natalie Govaerts and Eva Kyndt(Influence of learning and working Climate on the retention of alented employees) (-39_p-42) * www. emeraldinsight. com/1366-5626. htm\r\n'

'Crim 101 Notes Essay\r'

'What is criminology? A complaisant science studying crime and cogitate phenomenon such(prenominal) as rectitude making, criminal behavior, victimization and penalization Discipline of criminology is a recent development about ideas and concepts we now perk up about crime and criminals emerged everyplace last 2 or 3 centuries in advance(p) criminology is multi-disciplinary (inter-disciplinary) Influenced by sociology, psychology, and biology\r\nThe fascination with crime offensive is popular topic for newspapers, TV shows , books and movies There is half-size relationship between crime news and real amount of crimes Media focus primarily on fantastic crimes, even though such crimes forms only shiny part of all criminal coiffureivity Appears as though police solve more crimes and guard more cirminals than they do in reality The ingathering of crime stories and crime news\r\nCrime related stories be often spectacular and lurid hold with moral questions of good vs evil Criminals appear in stories as insane or dangerous psychopaths Stories bump in short time span- between newscasts or newspaper editions Easy for the public to understand Felson’s 10 fallacies about crime Book 1. the dramatic Fallacy o keep ratings high, media seek eerie/violent incidents to report/create dramas around cut up makes up less than 1% of all crime, to date from watching TV or reading the papers, it seems comparable a commonplace events seems that most murders are well-planned, unrelenting affairs, or they happen solely by hit-or-miss chance in fact, most murders start as arguments that escalate into violence most crimes are relatively minor property crimes\r\nActus Reus: a real event, in which somebody has committed or failed to commit an act b. Men Rea: criminal intent; you must have the intent to commit the act c. No judicial defense or justification d. Must be contrary to a provision of criminal law Crime as normative violation pictures Mala in Se Mal a in se: â€Å"something bad or evil in itself” Laws that criminalize acts most societies and cultures fit out are inherently unseasonable, e. g. , murder and incest Mala Prohibita\r\nMala prohibita: something that is deemed to be wrong or criminal only because it is prohibited Acts where at that place might be considerable disagreement from fellowship to society re: their legality Concensus vs. conflicy * consensus| * conflict| * hostel as a functional organism| * club and companionable transformation rooted in social conflict| * Norms/expectations based on shared value/interests| * Society not organic or natural. only when forced upon us| * Those who are different (e. g. ,criminals) are deemed to be abnormal| * Society/laws based on values and interests of those with the power|\r\n'

'The Department of Homeland Security\r'

'In folk 11, 2001, the united States experienced threatist attacks which changed the centering the terra firma aims and organizes to entertain itself from such symbolises of act of terrorism. In such swithers, the linked States political science activity set up the surgical incision of fatherland hostage, the objectives of which would be â€Å"to tighten w everys, synthesize and break down perception on terrorist scourges, cipher with state and local anesthetic authorities in holy terror prep argondness, cheer the existence from weapons of mass destruction, help need and equip premier responders, and gentlemanage emergencies” (Sloan, 2002, p. 20).The part of m some other(a)land warfarerantor therefore leads a estateal effort to hold dear the coarse from acts of terrorism and became an strategic counterterrorism tree branch of the join States. This paper is an effort to look into the agencies working(a) with the discussion section of country of origin shelter in its efforts in dealing with and mitigating acts of terrorism. These agencies argon in addition herein describe as to their primary leads and responsibilities so as to induct an belowstanding on how they help in cheer the join States from domestic and foreign terrorism.According to the part of content mother coarse warrantor, more than 87,000 polar government legal powers at the federal, state and local take have country of origin surety measures responsibilities. However, at that place ar unaccompanied a lesser number which comprises the study components, government agencies and offices that soon make up and help the department in attaining its counterterrorism goals and objectives.These agencies, as they argon herein con casered, atomic number 18 of such importance to the counterterrorism measures of the DHS because they pass to the four areas where the department is focalization on to betrothal and curb terrorism. These f our areas concern are composed of the b entrap and transportation credential; the emergency activeness and answers; the chemical, biological, radiological, and thermo thermo thermonuclear countermeasures; and data analysis. Counterterrorism page_#2 B secernate and transference SecurityThe incision of homeland Security ensures safe and mend borderlines and by doing so protects the unify States from gate of feasible threats to discipline peace and security, and digests an stiff counterterrorism measures against foreign and international terrorists. In that domestic terrorists are equ entirelyy dangerous as international terrorists, the DHS in any case employ methods of securing the safety of the join States from terrorists already base in the country. These counterterrorism measures verbotenhouse be done by focusing on the border and transportation security of the nation.The agencies under the segment of Homeland Security that are responsible for(p) for curbin g terrorism in these areas are: The Transportation Security brass (TSA) The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) protects the country from current and possible terrorist attacks by ensuring that the country’s transportation system, a unguarded area of attack by terrorists, is safe and nearly protected from suicide bombers or those whose tactics are to plant explosives in general transportation systems.The united States customs duty and Border r group Aart (CBP) The United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) whole kit and boodle in quislingism with the Transportation Security Administration to prevent the entry of international threats to the borders of the United States while ensuring a unthaw movement of sight and commerce. Its counterterrorism responsibility is accomplished by guarding the nation’s borders against entry of terrorists and terrorist weapons that fecal matter decompose national peace and security. The United States seashore G uardThe United States Coast Guard protects the country in the a same(p) manner that the United States Customs and Border Protection does: it protects the country from current and potential terrorist attacks by guarding the nation’s borders against entry of terrorists and terrorist weapons. Its area of responsibility, however, is specific in that its counterterrorism responsibility Counterterrorism page_#3 is accomplished by protect the nation in â€Å"the nation’s ports and waterways, a long the coast, on international waters, or in some(prenominal) maritime region as required to validate national security” (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2006). eliminate brake forwardness and Responses In order to fight terrorism, the Department of Homeland Security ensures that the country is equipped and prepared to protect itself from acts and possible threats of terrorism. It overly ensures that should acts of terrorism occur, on that point are sufficient re plys so as to rationalize the impacts of terrorism. Thus, the DHS has focus on emergency set and resolutions. The agencies under the DHS that are responsible for curbing terrorism in these areas are: The directorate for PreparednessThe board of directors for Preparedness working with state, local, and private sector partners to identify threats, determine vulnerabilities, and orchestrate resources where risk is greatest and by doing so safeguards the national borders, seaports, bridges and highways, and critical entropy systems (U. S. Department of Homeland Security, 2006). Its counterterrorism responsibility is accomplished through several(prenominal)(prenominal) of its components among which acknowledge the Infrastructure Protection which is responsible in identifying threats to the country’s physical and entropyal structure.Another equally important and serviceable component of the Directorate is the Cyber and Telecommunications which is responsible in preventing and mitigating a climatern form of terrorism: cyberterrorism. The Cyber and Telecommunications arm of the Directorate for Preparedness protects the country against cyberterrorism by disseminating cyber threat standard information and coming up with the necessary responses to cyber attacks.In cases of cyber attacks, it coordinates with other agencies including the faithfulness enforcement and intelligence community so as to capture and convict those who are responsible for the occurrences. It is as well helpful in providing information to investigators who are working on electronic crime cases. Counterterrorism page_#4 The federal indispensableness Management (FEMA) Directorate The Federal Emergency Management Directorate declares that it â€Å"prepares the nation for hazards, manages Federal response and recovery efforts following any national chance”.It is also an important counterterrorism influence working with the Department of Homeland Security in that it is re sponsible for the dissemination of information regarding terrorism including the kinds of acts the US government con aspectrs as acts of terrorism and the high risk target areas of terrorist attacks. The FEMA then helps protect the country from current and potential terrorist attacks by equipping the citizens with the basic knowledge near acts of terrorism and giving them the necessary know how so as for them to be able to protect themselves should such attacks occur.This proceeds mitigate the impact of terrorist acts and the number of casualties during such incidents. The function of FEMA is well described in the role it vie when the World Trade core (WTC) was attacked on family 11, 2001. After the attack, FEMA moved immediately into its response mode to help with long-term repair, restoration, and rebuilding of the damaged and lost(p) infrastructure (Howard & Buck, 2002). The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and thermonuclear Countermeasures Chemical, biological, r adiological and nuclear weapons are among the most dangerous and deadliest that can be possibly employed by terrorists.While there whitethorn be vaccines for these weapons, they have too many side effects and it is quite impossible to vaccinate an undefiled population The best way to protect the sight of the United States from these weapons of mass destruction is therefore safeguarding them from it and, on the part of the Department of Homeland Security, to have a focus in the areas of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear countermeasures. Thus, several agencies are responsible for safeguarding the nation from these weapons of mass destructions. The agencies responsible in this counterterrorism measure include:Counterterrorism page_#5 The Directorate for Science and engineering science The Directorate for Science and Technology is an important arm of the DHS which works to provide the necessary technology and capabilities so as to protect the United States from terrorist s attacks. The Directorate for Science and Technology is responsible for protect the country from terrorist attacks by developing the latest and a highly capable system that can prevent, let on and mitigate the effects of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attacks.The Directorate is also responsible in building up on the technological capacities of the country so as to be able to anticipate emerging threats, enable facility and provide emergency responder technologies. It farther implements its counterterrorism responsibilities by working on for the acknowledgeion, mitigation and response to potentially dangerous and explosive device such as bombs and weapons of mass destructions that can be improvised or assembled by terrorists.It is also responsible to developing a system of treating and minimizing the exposure of victims to biological or chemical attacks. The house servant Nuclear Detection Office The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is responsi ble in improving the country’s cap top executive to detect and report unauthorized attempts to import, possess, store, develop, or transport nuclear or radiological material for use against the Nation, and to further enhance this capability over time (U. S. Department of Homeland Security, 2006).The DNDO protects the country from current and potential terrorist attacks by working on transformational research and development programs to rectify the country’s ability to detect nuclear threats. It is also responsible for establishing methods that impart ensure well-timed(a) and utile response actions to detected nuclear threats. Counterterrorism page_#6 Informational Analysis An important aspect in counterterrorism measures is the ability to gather and synthesize information as information is an important tool in determining the grant response and counteraction to a threat.An appropriate meter reading of gathered information go out not only make counterterrorism m easures more effective but can also help save lives and mitigate the impacts of terrorism. Thus, the Department of Homeland Security ensures that it has focus on informational analysis. The agencies that are responsible for curbing terrorism through intelligence gathering and synthesis are: The United States immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)The United States immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the largest investigative branch of the Department of Homeland Security which was created later the family 11 attack so as to have a more effective enforcement of immigration and customs law of the United States which form efforts of protect the country against terrorism. The ICE countermeasures against foreign terrorism have targeting flagitious immigrants: the bulk, money and materials that support terrorism and other outlaw activities (U. S. in-migration and Customs Enforcement, 2006).The governing implements its counterterrorism measures by investigating on illeg al export of US munitions and similar technologies; investigating on employers who employ illegal workers in critical and vulnerable infrastructure worksites like nuclear plants and airports such that employing unauthorized workers at subtile sites may pose serious homeland security threats; destroying the systems through which criminal disposals move and store their cash; and ensuring the removal of fugitive aliens in the country (U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2006). Counterterrorism page_#7The United States Secret answer The United States Secret Service is responsible for protect the chairwoman and other high-level officials of the country. It is also valuable in fighting against many forms of terrorism such that it investigates on varied activities that can be possibly employ for acts of terrorism. Among its responsibilities are to investigate counterfeiting and other monetary crimes, including financial institution fraud, identity theft, computer fraud; and c omputer-based attacks on the nation’s financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure.The responsibilities of the United States Secret Service is to protect the country from threats oftentimes employed by terrorists which include the creation of misgiving among the public such as when the public experiences computer based attacks or some forms of cyberterrorism; and exhausting to convince citizens that their government is feeble in preventing terrorist attacks such as what may witness when financial crimes occur. The Office of trading trading operations CoordinationThe Office of Operations Coordination is responsible for providing the necessary monitoring of the security of United States against terrorism by fusing incompatible information from different sources so as to point out possible threats of terrorist attacks. These sources, as the organization refers are the â€Å" intelligence side” responsible for focusing on highly categorise intelligence and assessment of information with regards to current threat picture of a specific area; and the â€Å"law enforcement side” responsible for different enforcement activities across the country that may have a terrorist nexus (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2006). Through its National Operations Center, information sharing is coordinated to help deter, detect, and prevent terrorist acts. Counterterrorism page_#8 Conclusion In the effort of United States to protect itself from acts of terrorism such as what have occurred in September 2001, it has established a department that will be an important and leading arm in its counterterrorism measures.This department is the Department of the National Homeland Security whose efforts, according to Sloan, are to secure borders, synthesize and analyze intelligence on terrorist threats, work with state and local authorities in threat preparedness, protect the public from weapons of mass destruction, help train and equip first respo nders, and manage emergencies.While there are more than 87,000 different government jurisdictions at the federal, state and local level that have homeland security responsibilities, there are study components, government agencies and offices that currently make up and help the department in attaining its goals and objectives considered of importance because they belong to the four areas where the department is focusing on to fight and curb terrorism.These four areas are composed of the border and transportation security comprising the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) ,United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the United States Coast Guard; the emergency preparedness and responses comprising the Directorate for Preparedness and the Federal Emergency Management (FEMA) Directorate; the chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear countermeasures comprising the Science and Technology Directorate and the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; and information anal ysis comprising the United States Secret Service, the Office of Operations Coordination The United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). . References Howard, M. M. , & Buck, R. A. (2002). World Trade Center Recovery: A Challenge to Traditional misadventure Management.The Public Manager, 31(1), 47+. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from Questia database: http://questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000794189 Sloan, S. (2002, October). The Case for a Department of Homeland Security †the Bush Administration and Congress governing body the Challenge of Reorganizing the Nations Security to Fight the War on Terrorism. World and I, 17, 20. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from Questia database: http://questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5002523187 US Department of Homeland Security (2006). â€Å"Department Subcomponents and Agencies”. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from Department of Homeland Security Website: http://www. dhs. gov/xabout/structure/#1\r\nThe Department of Homelan d Security\r\nThe Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is an post created to secure and protect the homeland. It is established primarily to protect the citizenry and the country against attacks from terrorists. Since 2001, 22 separate agencies were merged into a one virtuoso cohesive unit which makes up the Department of Homeland Security. Although the primary purpose and very reason of DHS existent is securing the homeland, DHS is also in the forefront in providing care to sight during natural calamities and disasters (Vieira, 2005). The agency also administers and monitors the country’s immigration status and system, thus protect American people from migrating citizens entering the nation, which are lot on spreading fear and terror.As a precede of monitoring the migrating patterns, entry of illegal drugs are prevented as they are stop to begin with crossing American Borders. Thus, by merging the 22 various agencies into iodin more powerful and cohesive team, coo rdination and efficiency in performing tasks is achieved. It is no secret that in order to perform such huge missions, unity mustiness be achieve across all government levels all over the nation.With the huge effort and major(ip) help the agency has provided and will provide in the near future it is important to understand the plan and strategic actions DHS and the federal government has adapted in protecting our nation. It was a dream come full-strength in creating DHS, since it is a single department make in the primary principle in protecting the people and the nation. The administration has allotted a big budget of 11 billion dollars to support state preparedness (Vieira, 2005).The increase in budget will further solidify and strengthen air security, border security activities, purchase of necessary medical equipments and would provide an effective mode of managing a new humane resource system that will enable hiring of â€Å" skip of the crop” personnel. With large r budget at hand DHS can now secure advance equipments and devices make by the advent of technology.For instance, in order to secure the nation’s borders, ports and transportation systems from various criminal elements, an effective method that would screen goods and people is necessary. manipulation of advance information is also vital in managing the risk of guarding the nation’s borders that stretches across 7500 miles of land. Thus, a program that relies in the use of advance information to identify potential high risk shipments and consignment is universe build on.The idea is to prevent committal and shipments from reaching U.S. territory. Pre-screening of cargo and shipments in 20 principal(prenominal) foreign ports around the world provides DHS a major assistance in intercepting dangerous people and goods before reaching shores. The process which focuses on the pre-screening tests is known as the Container Security Initiative. On the other hand, ports are do safer by deploying large number of coast guards and austere implementations of maritime security standards for coastal activities and waterway system.Together with the Transportation Security Administration, DHS provide aid to the field of aviation by making of air craft outflow safer. Advance screening devices that keep dangerous weapon off the airplanes are provided by the joint efforts. firmament air marshals are also called and deployed to protect passengers. Pilots are also trained as drop dead line of defense.DHS also provide assistance to people during disasters and natural calamities. Chaos is not only brought about by people, terrorist and biological warfare. Bigger destructions are brought by disasters and catastrophic accidents generated by the environment such as hurricane, forest fire, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In order to response to such incident and other terrorist attacks preparedness is important (Baldwin, 2005). Today, DHS is working on itâ€℠¢s readiness to response on those various emergencies. On top of its agenda is to better prepare and coordinate the Nation’s capabilities to improve speed and efficiency of delivering services to our people.Another major assistance the organization provides to the people is information dissemination. With the creation of DHS, archetype systems have croak more effective and public warning has been enhanced (Baldwin, 2005). With the improved warning systems, cyber and terrorist threats are easily identified, as a result people are warned in advanced. With threats known, countermeasure and contingency plans can then be generated.With a single agency dedicated in providing security to the American people, works are carried out more efficiently and at faster rate, as information is made alter and securing of documents, which eat ample amount of time, in order to coordinate with other agency which has jurisdiction in certain case is not necessary. Time is hold and as a result D HS functions more effectively. The agency then is able to generate necessary countermeasures.Also, by merging the different agencies and forming one immense organization strength and skills are then concentrated and centre much better. Resources are also conserved and man power is utilized more efficiently. moreover, confusion into which jurisdiction the different cases will fall not arise, since operations are all sanctioned by the department. evasion of information can also be controlled, since there is no need for the DHS to inform other agency, thus a more controlled surrounding which is manageable is attained.However, creating a single agency which handles affairs that provides security measures to the homeland poses several critical issues. The scope of DHS mission is unspecific which encompasses terrorist affairs, natural calamities and entry of illegal drugs. With the merging of different agencies to form the DHS, special agencies and units which are created for specific functions are also merged with the homeland department.Although by merging, it has become a part of a new organization, it has also become a regular unit which receives cosmopolitan orders unlike before when they are called for special situations and tell in performing specific functions. Also, the budget the department needs balloons every year as several agendas are needed to be tended. Since, DHS is the organization which functions and executes actions with all matters related and concerning about security and security system of our people and homeland, the organization requires large financial assistance and grants.After the 2001 attack, the lives and the way our people live had change. For instance, the creation of DHS as a sole organization that would provide security and protection to the people and homeland are actions that are generated by the attacks. In an effort to strengthen intelligence reports and ability to combat and fight terrorists affairs, various agencies ha ve conjugated hands and merged to prevent incidents that lead to the September 11 attacks.The end result is an agency that promises to protect the people by controlling the borders, provide protection and support to aviation and port security, increase preparedness in emergency response and counter act the affairs of different elements that threatens the peace and security of the people. From the organization’s mission we can infer that they are logically tied together as they all sought for stoppage of criminal and terrorists acts that are foul to the nation and the people. They are measures and strategic actions that are carried out in order to safe guard the people and allow them to live their everyday lives free from fear uncertainties.As various elements continue to threaten the nation and its people, DHS will continue to be at the forefront of the war against them. With the advent of new technology and new devices and equipments being invented, preventions and counter measures to terrorist and criminal attacks are not impossible to achieve. Furthermore that administration had greatly supported the organization and had munificently provided it with a â€Å"generous” amount for its budget.There is no question about the importance of the organization and its value to our citizen. From presentiment and early forecast of warning of threats discovered that the public are about to encounter up to operations and countermeasures and emergency response after attacks and disaster, the department’s unwavering efforts would be evident and as long as there are elements that are trying to cross the American borders, spreading fear and terror to our people, DHS will live to its promise and expectations and provide our people with the much needed services.ReferencesBaldwin, Craig. (2000). Catastrophe Preparation and saloon for Law Enforcement Professionals New York, NY: McGraw HillVieira, Edwin Jr. (2005). â€Å"Homeland Security” — For What and For Whom? News With Views.\r\n \r\n'