Anticipatory Grief Essays -- Psychology

Grief is a universal reaction experience by all of us at some time in our lives. The capacity that makes each of us capable of warm, satisfying relationships also leaves us vulnerable to sadness, despair, and grief when such relationships atomic number 18 disrupted (Carr, 1969). Regardless of the true(a) relationship that might have existed prior to the goal, we have the tendency to see the relationship once death has occurred and we expect expressions of normal grief. Unfortunately, normal grief is what fraternity expects, but the call for of the individual prerequisites putting a label on grief. Because society influences our behavior through the secondary reinforcement of social praise during this time, we are not looking at the primary reinforcer of survival. The needs of each individual can only be understood in the light of knowledge of his/her own developmental background and the particular conflicts being mobilized, and what defenses are being used against these (Mad dison & Raphael, 1972). This same developmental background is primary(prenominal) in another aspect of death called antecedent grief. The term anticipatory grief was first used by Lindemann in 1944 to ... denote a reaction to separation and the possibility of death rather than the inevitability of death (Bourke, 1984). Over the years there has been much discussion and research has been through on anticipatory grief. But to this point research evidence is inconsistent. all(prenominal) research points to the fact that anticipated losses that face the individual are very real. Their emotional investment in the individuals presence, the satisfactions and warmth that they have original through their attachment to her or him, are soon to be terminate(Kalish, 1977). Since Lindemann (... ... management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, 141-148. Maddison, D. C. & Raphael, B. (1972). The family of the dying patient. In B. Schoenberg, A. Carr, A. Kutscher, D. Peretz, & I. Goldberg, (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of celestial pole care (pp. 185-200). New York Columbia Univ. Press. Marples, M. (1986). Helping family members cope with a time-worn relative. Social Casework The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 67, 490-498. Osterweis, M., Solomon, F., & Green, M. (1984). Bereavement Reactions, consequences, and care. Washington, D.C. National academy Press. Rando, T. A. (1988). Anticipatory grief The term is a misnomer but the phenomenon exits. Journal of alleviatory Care, 4, 70-73. Rando, T. A. (1989). Anticipatory grief. In R. Kastenbaum & B. K. Kastenbaum (Eds.), Encyclopedia of death (12-15). Phoenix The Oryx Press.