www.elsevier.com/locate/physa
Error and attack tolerance of coordination compound interlocks
Paolo Crucittia;? , Vito Latorab , Massimo Marchioric; d , Andrea Rapisardab
b Dipartimento
Superiore di Catania, Via S. Paolo 73, 95123 Catania, Italy di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit di Catania, and INFN sezione di Catania, a Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy c W3C and science laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA d Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit di Venezia, Italy a
a Scuola
Abstract Communication/transportation dusts are often subjected to failures and attacks. hither we represent such systems as networks and we study their ability to disagree failures (attacks) simulated as the breakdown of a group of nodes of the network chosen at haphazard (chosen accordingly to degree or load). We consider and compare the results for two di erent network topologies: the ErdosRà nyi random graph and the Barabà siAlbert scale-free network. We also discuss brie y e a a dynamical model recently proposed to father into account the dynamical re dispersal of loads after the initial malign of a single node of the network. c 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PACS: 89.75.?k; 89.75.Fb; 05.90.
+m Keywords: Structure of complex networks; Scale-free networks
1. Introduction Most of the talk/transportation systems of the real world can be represented as complex networks, in which the nodes are the elementary components of the system and the edges connect pair of nodes that mutually interact exchanging information. To quote a few examples: in the Internet the nodes are the routers and the edges (or arcs) are the cables connecting couples of routers; in an electrical power grid the nodes are the substations (generators or distribution substations) and the edges are the transmission lines; in a city alley system the nodes are the crossings and the
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