MICROCONTROLLERS
A microcontroller is a small computer on a wizard merged circuit containing a processor nubble, memory, and course of instructionmable input/output peripherals. The microcontrollers be classified in terms of internal bus width, implant microcontroller, instruction set, memory architecture, IC chip or VLSI core (VHDL or Verilog) file and family. At the present moments many divergent kinds of microcontroller exist depending upon the manufacturing company and internal architecture PIC18F series is amongst them.
PIC-controllers
PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by splintering Technology. The name PIC initially referred to Peripheral Interface ascendence. The some of the prominent feature of PIC are as follows:
?RISC architecture
?Separate code and data space
? built in oscillator with selectable speeds
?Easy entry level, in circuit program plus in circuit debugging PICKit units available.
?A small do of fixed length instruction
?Most instruction are single cycle execution
?All RAM locations function as registers as for both source and destination for math and other functions.
?A hardware stack for storing return addresses
?Small amount of addressable data space
?Data space mapped CPU, port and peripheral registers
?broadcast counter also mapped on the data space
?Wide trope of interfaces including I²C, SPI, USB, USART, A/D, programmable comparators, PWM, LIN, CAN, PSP, and Ethernet.
Microchip currently offer good stray of 8-bit and 16-bit MCU along with the digital signal controller. These product range from very small, low cost 8-bit 10F pic microcontroller to all the modality up to sophisticated dsPIC families with powerful high level digital signal processing. PIC18 is the highest level in 8-bit MCU, include following features:
21-bit program counter
4 timers beside watchdog timer
USB,USUART, CAN and serial data transfer
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