(1) when prejudice people perceive what they regard as a negative (undesirable) act by an outgroup process (a member of a group with which they do not relate or identify), they ordain generally attribute it dispositionally, often as genetically determined, in comparison to the same act by an inner circle member (a member of a group with which they do affiliate or identify);
(2) when prejudice people perceive what they regard as a positive act by an outgroup member, they lead attribute it to one or more of the following: (a) "The exceptional case," (b) portion or special advantage, (c) high motivation and effort, or (d) obedient situational context.
Hewstone (1990) further notes that this ethnocentric bias forget be sterling(prenominal) when: the groups involved have historical or intense negate; possess especially negative stereotypes of each other; and when racial and ethnic differences vary with national or international socioeconomic differences. Applying this theory to police harassment, it seems reasonab
A stratified hit-or-miss sample of citizens in the city will be drawn. In this regard, Alreck and Settle (1994) state that the stratified hit-or-miss sample (also sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling), involves dividing the people into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. A simple random sample is then drawn from each subgroup.
Survey methods be selected as the basic research approach because, according to Scheaffer et. al (1996), it has three advantages with respect to gathering instruction from a life-sized sample. First, it bottom of the inning provide a good deal of information in a relatively short period of time.
Second, if the espouse is highly structured (as it will be in this study), responses can be uniformly categorized which makes tabulation easier. And, third, the precise flavourless entropy provided by surveys is highly amenable to statistical numeric analysis.
Alreck, P.L. & Settle, R.B. (1994). The survey research handbook: Guidelines and strategies for conducting a survey (2nd ed.), NY: Irwin.
deuce types of statistical methods will be used to analyze data: descriptive analyses and inferential analyses. Each type of analysis is discussed below.
Merrill, B. & Phelps, L. (1998). Races change integrity over discrimination and harassment. Document available: www. Kaet.asu.edu/horizon/ survey/oct2695.htm.
Linton, M. & Gallo, P.S. (1975). The practical statistician: Simplified handbook of statistics. Monterey, CA: allow/Cole.
Also, while data recorders will be sent to the houses of people to ask them to complete the survey, it is possible that some people will decline participation in the study. This could mean a outrage in representativeness. Therefore, for each subject who refuses to participate, another subject will be randomly selected from the appropriate group or subgroup. In this way, it is likely that the general representativeness of the sample will be maintained.
descriptive Analyses. Prior to c
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